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							<h2 id="t_4d3b17090102wn2i" class="titName SG_txta">朱元璋一句话，风靡天下五百余年</h2>
			
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					<span class="time SG_txtc">(2016-06-27 12:58:01)</span><div class="turnBoxzz"><a href="javascript:;" class="SG_aBtn SG_aBtn_ico SG_turn"  action-type="reblog" action-data="{srcBlog:1, blogId:'4d3b17090102wn2i'}"><cite><img class="SG_icon SG_icon111" src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" width="15" height="15" align="absmiddle">转载<em class="arrow">▼</em></cite></a></div>		</div>
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<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">网络时代，“流行语”风行。虽说风靡，其实短命，能够存世三年五载，生命力简直堪称强大无比。而中国历史上的一句“流行语”，则足足风靡天下五百余年。更有意思的是，创造这句“流行语”的，差不多是一个文盲。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">这句“流行语”，不仅当时流行了五百余年，今天比当年其实更流行，只要一打开电视机，几乎都能听见：“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰……”</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">宫廷剧中的圣旨，开头都是这么一句话。首创这句“流行语”的人是谁呢？这就是朱元璋。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">朱元璋（</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt">1328</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">—</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt">1398</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">），字国瑞，原名重八，</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">后取名兴宗，濠州钟离人（今安徽凤阳），明朝开国皇帝——大明太祖高皇帝。朱元璋出身贫寒，幼时曾为地主放牛，又入皇觉寺当过小和尚。</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt">25</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">岁时，参加郭子兴领导的红巾军，直到应天府称帝，统一中国。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">史料当中，找不出朱元璋上学读书的经历，后来自学了一些字，也写过诗文，但基本上还是文盲水平。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">出生平凡，却一生传奇，朱元璋特别看重和在意“天意”。当了皇帝后，政治智慧突出的朱元璋，刻意强调“天意”，是老天爷认为他是个可造之材，选中他当了皇帝，所以老百姓不能违反“天意”。</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">他选定的“圣旨（</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">诏书）”开头语，便与前朝不同：“奉天承运皇帝，诏曰……”即电视剧中的“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰……”</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">诏书在西周时分为“诰命”和“敕命”，是一种训诫勉励的文告。秦始皇一统天下后，自以为功绩胜过“三皇五帝”，定名号为“皇帝”，自称为“朕”，命为“制”，令为“诏”。秦亡后，汉朝继起，基本上承袭了秦朝的制度，其中诏旨的开头，大多是“某年某月某日，某某皇帝”。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">魏晋南北朝时，诏令与汉代相仿。但皇帝即位诏书中，多有“应天顺时，受兹明命”一语。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">唐代诏令，分为册书、制书、慰劳制书、发日敕、敕旨、论事敕书、敕牒七种形式，一般由中书省起草，门下省审核颁行，其中有严格规定：“凡制敕宣行，大事则称扬德泽，褒美功业，复奏而施行之。小事则署而颁之。”在颁行的制书之首，往往是“门下”两字：“门下，天下之本……”</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">宋代的诏令虽继承唐代，许多重要诏令开头与唐代一样，都是“门下”二字，以“朕绍膺骏命”或“朕膺昊天之眷命”开头的，亦占有相当比例。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">元代以蒙古语为国语，故以“国语训敕者曰圣旨，史臣代言者曰诏书”。蒙文和汉文诏书开头，都使用“长生天气力里，大福荫护助里，皇帝圣旨”的套语。其中“长生天气力里，大福荫护助里”是蒙文，意为“天眷命”。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">所以，明代诏书的开头语“奉天承运”，完全是朱元璋首创的。清朝推翻了明朝，同时“侵权”，</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">诏书仍然多以“奉天承运皇帝诏曰”开头。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">清代诏书多以“奉天承运皇帝诏曰”开头，中间为主文，结尾则是“布告天下，咸使闻知”、“布告中外，咸使闻知”。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">开头语“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰”，正确的断句是</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">“奉天承运皇帝，诏曰……”其中，</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">“奉天承运皇帝”为一个词。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="text-indent:36.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.56">
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">并非所有的圣旨都像电视剧中那样，圣旨会因具体的内容而采用不同的措词，主要有三种：“诏曰、制曰、敕曰”。</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">“诏曰”是诏告天下，凡重大政事须布告天下臣民的，使用“奉天承运，皇帝诏曰”；</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">“制曰”是皇帝表达皇恩、宣示百官时使用的，只为宣示百官之用，并不下达于普通百姓；</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">“敕曰”有告诫的意识，皇帝在给官员加官进爵的时，告诫官员要戒骄戒躁，再接再厉，不要骄傲自满，恃宠而骄。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="font-weight: bold;"><span STYLE="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:">措词的细微差别，基本格式并无不同。一句话能流传数百年，朱元璋算得上是中国第一个“流行语”高手！</SPAN></SPAN></P>							
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